Pubg borderless vs fullscreen But the added benefit is that you can alt tab quickly because its a borderless game. Click [x] Override high DPI scaling behavior. I've been able to switch back to full screen (windowed) since and play, but I notices good 10-15 FPS drop and some stutter every once in a while, the game is playing much better it seems in Fullscreen mode. In my testing, game does not run minimized this way. Fullscreen mode is a good choice if you don’t need to access other applications while gaming, if you’re on a single-monitor setup, and if the particular game you’re playing Mar 1, 2022 · When using Fullscreen Optimizations, your game believes that it is running in Fullscreen Exclusive, but behind the scenes, Windows has the game running in borderless windowed mode. Anyone else getting this or know how to fix? Thanks. Aug 29, 2020 · Related: How to play PUBG Mobile on a computer or laptop. Fullscreen is the safest bet for best framerate and lowest input lag. I haven't felt any input lag but I notice it runs a couple frames short of the full screen mode I would still recommend fullscreen. Tried using the fullscreen launch option (I don't think I got it correctly) Went into the game options text and set it to fullscreen. Members Online What improves with borderless in Fallout 4? I play with full screen and I think it works well, though I cap FPS below 60 for same reasons as in Skyrim. Unfortunately it's also significantly more blurry for some reason so I followed your instructions for fullscreen. 2. Borderless while having the same FPS in both modes. If the screen resolution is needed, the game still stays in the window, it just gets smaller. It’s not always clear which is which. The post tackles the curious trend of game developers renaming ‘borderless’ fullscreen to just ‘fullscreen,’ while the traditional ‘fullscreen’ experience is now being referred to as ‘exclusive fullscreen. However, full-screen mode comes with some downsides that you might not be willing to live with. However, whenever the game window is focused, composition disengages and it reverts to exclusive fullscreen behavior. Just don't let it discourage you, it's just shader building. Alt tabbing back from a fullscreen can sometimes cause unexpected tragedies. To actually achieve a stretched resolution, I had to set my desktop to 1440x1080 and leave it there, and then I set PUBG to borderless display mode. While FPS stays above 100 per RivaTuner, borderless feels significantly less smooth compare to full screen. tested several times after restarting the game and restarting the PC. Both of them have significant differences between them, and you must know them before you go ahead and start using one. A central place for… Windows 10 introduced changes behind the scenes to make borderless full-screen as performant as exclusive full-screen. Nov 5, 2022 · Overall, gaming in full-screen mode will give you better performance than in borderless windowed mode. Click "Change high DPI settings" button. I just notice a huge difference in "smoothness" in Fullscreen vs. Here are some pros and cons of each mode: Fullscreen: Might offer slightly better performance in some games; Can be less stable when With Watch Dogs 2 in its "Fullscreen Borderless" mode, I get screen tearing if V-Sync is disabled and the "Show Game bar" option is enabled, but no screen tearing if I disable the "Show Game bar" option - meaning that it's using the old Fullscreen Borderless Mode and triple-buffering is being applied by the compositor. I also try to keep track depending on the squad and their preferences for hot vs cold. Make sure GameUserSettings. When a game is run i n borderless windowed mode, the game does not have full control of the display – that overarching control is given back to the Desktop Window Mar 4, 2018 · Recently when I got into PUBG my fullscreen is not working correctly, the Fullscreen setting is acting like Fullscreen WINDOWED, when I put one or the other legit nothing happens, here is the list of stuff I did. I have tried pressing alt+tab on my keyboard as well as using a mouse macro, it is the same either way. Now install Pop!_OS for more typing fps. Jul 28, 2016 · It depends on the game, exclusive full screen certainly does not offer anywhere near 200% better performance vs borderless in anything I can think of. If I set RL to normal windowed and force borderless with the tool its alot better. For example, I had this problem also in PUBG. Nov 12, 2020 · In layman's term, DX12 borderless is exclusive fullscreen + adaptive DWM. Fullscreen borderless may also cause some input delay but it is not that big of a difference if you're not playing at the highest level. Any way someone why know why this happens . So basically the game devs at one point decided that fullscreen=borderless window but we can change this setting by launching the game with -window-mode exclusive This effectively changes the ingame fullscreen option that you can tick to always be the real exclusive fullscreen and never again fake borderless. Note that modern PC games typically offer three modes: "Fake" Full-screen which changes the display resolution, but is still using a borderless window. Reinstalled the game. full screen windowed (which is now called "borderless" in game). Sep 21, 2020 · Microsoft defaults all games installed on Windows 10 run in fake-fullscreen borderless window mode. Unfortunately pubg officialy don't support 4:3 aspect ratio but theres is a trick to use any custom resolution in fullscreen mode. Thing is, when playing on Fullscreen on 1920x1080 the game just stretches to my screen's native resolution and looks blurry as hell. Jan 7, 2019 · i play on 1600*900 resolution but my original desktop resolution is 1980*1080 when i run pubg it launches in window ignoring the fact i set it to "fullscreen" ingame so i have to do the boring routine with changing it to "borderless window" or "windowed" and clicking back to "fullscreen" button to make it actually run in fullscreen how can i actually force the game to run in fullscreen on 1600 Been having the same kind of issue on 2304 × 1440 res with DirectX 12. Hey, i have a problem with performance while running the game in borderless mode, to use price checking tools and such. When I switch it to fullscreen borderless I notice that I can actually aim way better in every game. On full screen my aim feels very heavy and unresponsive. If you aren't sure if you are in fullscreen or borderless windowed mode press alt + tab. The only problem is that if you alt-tab after ready-ing but before joining a match, the game just won't load in, but that's just a few seconds I can't alt-tab, and that's a sacrifice I'm willing to make for better performance. I can only run it on 1920x1080 w/o stretching on Fullscreen-windowed mode but I'm getting TERRIBLE fps drops. I turned mine to full screen only as it was giving me issues with vr Oct 31, 2024 · Gaming News has recently seen a significant discussion sprouting from a post by user Leonbacon on a popular gaming subreddit. When a game is run in borderless windowed mode, the game does not have full control of the display– that overarching control is given back to the Desktop Window Radeon Image Sharepning doesn't seem to work in Fullscreen, or it doesn't seem as sharp compared to Borderles Fullscreen when I set game to 1080p on a 1440p monitor. You probably won’t notice it, but in Nov 6, 2017 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright PUBG is pretty fast to alt-tab even in fullscreen, and even the sound keeps going in the background. Main menu takes forever to load. Jun 19, 2017 · I'm sure the game's FPS is limited to your monitor's refresh rate in borderless windowed. Note that there are moments when gsync seems to work in Borderless as well, but in the majority of the time it is simply not. My workaround is to hit F11 as it goes borderless full screen and then manually change it to full screen from options. Tweaking my graphics settings in PUBG last night, wondering why I was getting significantly less FPS than a friend with a similar rig, moved from borderless to fullscreen and instantly saw a 40-50fps increase. As a two screen user I love borderless fullscreen. (you will have to repeat this everytime you will restart PUBG because sometimes the buttons wont sync in fullscreen. ( i get between 80-120fps with drops to 20 or even 5fps?! May 22, 2019 · Full Screen is the best choice performance-wise, but you might prefer Borderless Window if you have a multi-monitor setup and you wish to move quickly on another display. Comparing the difference between a fullscreen mode from a windowed mode is obvious from the outset. I heard this before that some games do run better with borderless for some reason. For me it works this way. While DX12 is newer and makes better use of newer hardware and tech available in the gaming space it also does away with the fullscreen exclusive rendering mode making the windowed fullscreen the only option for DX12. When you set the game to fullscreen mode without disabling "fullscreen optimizations", Windows 10 will jump in and change the rendering context to their "optimized" windowed-borderless mode, and call it "fullscreen". Is there a way I can play on 1920x1080 Fullscreen w/o stretching but with black bars instead? Aug 26, 2017 · If you run a game in Windowed Mode the game will show the task bar, if you run in windowed-fullscreen or borderless-fullscreen it runs just as it would in fullscreen, just without the virtual monitor, if it's on fullscreen the game will run as a virtual monitor, the game will be displayed as its own screen (at least to the GPU, not the user). I don't remeber it happening on DirectX 11E, but I switched over to DX12 a few days before this month's update. Window borderless isn’t supposed to feel this good compared to fullscreen. Any big brains who know if there is a way to get full performance/refresh rate on borderless window? The largest community for PUBG: BATTLEGROUNDS on PC, Xbox and PlayStation. I did a little research and changing this "Flags" value (betweend 13 and 11) is also swiching borderless/exclusive fullscreen mode for other games like: LEGO: Jurrasic World, Anno 1404, Rainbow Six:Siege, Starpoint Gemini 2. Relaunch Pubg 5. 2. But in borderless windowed i get 30-45fps. For cold there is a couple tricks. In theory, anyway. It started just recently after having installed a new GPU (GTX 1080) and updating to fresh drivers. The largest community for PUBG: BATTLEGROUNDS on PC, Xbox and PlayStation. i than thought to myself, well, maybe since the game is Nov 22, 2017 · As the title says, i got since yesterday this stupid bug, when i play in windowed borderless the game locks my fps at 40 fps, in full screen or windowed there is no lock Oo I tried everything, disable V-sync from nvidia cp, played with the usersettings file for the game, reinstalled the game, used the usersettings file from a friend, tried to lock my fps in the engine file on 144, also no Oct 9, 2022 · I also notice this on controller. I have 110-150 fps while doing fullscreen. This allows quicker alt+tabs and external overlay support, such as the system sound bar, game bar, browser windows, etc. Posted by u/KaizenGamer - 1 vote and 2 comments From my experience, the performance you get with fullscreen optimizations has been equal to fullscreen exclusive. Still not perfect but much better. FS feels like real 100+, while borderless is far closer to 60, despite counter showing 110. Very annoying. No, borderless is using a window, it behaves like a windowed game. ini is not Mar 28, 2017 · Hey if you want to multitask and doing a lot of alt-tabbing i suggest using borderless windowed. Between my friends and I, all with very similar builds, some of us get better performance in fullscreen, some better in borderless, and some no difference at all. In essence, games played in borderless windowed mode appear as though they’re being played in fullscreen, though in reality they’re really being displayed in borderless windows that have been stretched to cover the screen. Note: you can switch from Full Screen to Borderless Window by pressing Alt+Enter on the keyboard. I would still recommend fullscreen. Witcher 3, WoW, Deus Ex, Skyrim, Fallout4, Subnautica, Ark, Endless Legends. Jan 8, 2019 · i play on 1600*900 resolution but my original desktop resolution is 1980*1080 when i run pubg it launches in window ignoring the fact i set it to "fullscreen" ingame so i have to do the boring routine with changing it to "borderless window" or "windowed" and clicking back to "fullscreen" button to make it actually run in fullscreen how can i force the game to run in fullscreen on 1600*900? thanks Mar 9, 2018 · 2. That was all scraped for me calling the drop most of the time. Everyone is lag spiking around including other people that i'm partnered with. I have recently moved to a single 34" ultrawide, but continued to run borderless. And keep in mind that win11 are a mess when it comes to the settings, they tried too hard to show they changed stuff, and moved things around for no reason. PUBG 100+ fps Full screen vs. I don’t what what it is but I’ve has this issue for over a year and never realized it. 4M subscribers in the PUBATTLEGROUNDS community. ) Thats the temporary fix for the lower resolution bug while in windowed You will have exactly the same issues with win11 as with win10, no difference, when pubg shits the bed it doesnt matter. Playing a game in fullscreen mode is also considered more immersive than in windowed mode, but I wouldn’t say that it’s more immersive than a borderless window. I make account just to reply tonyour comment. ’ Im playing factorio, Anno 1440, Civ 6, FTL, PUBG and more all in borderless and its working fine. A central place for discussion, media, news, developer interaction and more. Jan 4, 2018 · Last few days i have noticed that ( atleast for me ) Fps is higher while on windowed or fullscreen windowed (Borderless windowed in other means ) . This is disorientating as hell if I'm trying to multitask while playing the game. As I did it went from 30-40fps to about 55-70fps. Hot is easy to find, basically center on path locations. I've tried lightly tapping alt+tab vs holding down, same either way. So most games should perform at least as good in borderless now. Oct 17, 2012 · win7和以前的全屏是独占全屏(exclusive fullscreen),游戏画面从显卡直接输出到显示器,不走系统,优点是几乎不受系统和cpu影响,缺点是一旦你切桌面,显存切换会有一个比较长的缓冲时间 无边框就是和显示器一样分辨率大小的窗口,没有窗口边框,边角锁定,本质上还是个窗口 现在硬件性能都高了 Playing at full screen (no borderless, no windowed) I have disabled fullscreen optimizations Override DPI Scaling by application Polling Rate of my mouse is 1000Hz (changed between 500 and 1000 - no diff) I enabled ReBAR - does not look to do much difference at the moment. windowed borderless, windowed, fullscreen, whatever the setting - my cursor won't stay in the game. If you want vsync I would use the in-game vsync option if it exists and use fullscreen optimizations. Dec 25, 2015 · To get Windowed mode you use CreateWindowEx() and pass the WS_OVERLAPPED style. It happens for each map the first time you play it, lasts from 10-40s, and is a one team deal. In this video I benchmark Windowed Mode, Fullsceen and Exclusive Fullscreen against each other. (EDIT) I Jul 28, 2024 · The DX12 API is the newer version of the DX suite and it represents newer capabilities developed by Microsoft. Will there be a performace difference in games?Lets find out! yeah this is so annoying its happening to me too. Windows Disabled Fullscreen optimizations, High DPI scaling override - Application. the keyboard shortcut alt + enter does not correct the situation, i. I sent a support ticket to PUBG so hoping they would reply back soon. เวลาเล่นเกม ขนาดจอแบบ Fullscreen กับ Borderless ต่างกันยังไงครับ? I switched from windowed mode to fullscreen mode in my PUBG settings. Fullscreen and borderless (windowed fullscreen) modes handle GPU resource allocation differently when it comes to desktop compositing and vsync: 1. . Scaling performed by: Application Click OK Change in-game settings so it uses Fullscreen and you will actually get that instead of a borderless window. Jul 22, 2017 · A quick test with several games to see which viewing mode favors performance, if any BITWIT ULTRA not available in your country? Get all the same perks on m Jan 22, 2022 · 12 Window Mode: Fullscreen Exclusive This could be either Borderless or Window mode. I mentally keep track of places we've been so we can go to as many different places as possible. Windowed Mode. change settings to fullscreen and you will notice the resolution is now 1080p. For example, if you select it, the screen starts flashing endlessly. When I alt+tab out of PUBG while in a game the camera always moves to face exactly East. It's like one of those things where some days I get 130fps and some I get 60. Jul 15, 2023 · What are the effects / pros / cons in regards to Full Screen vs Borderless when running TSC2023. If it switches to your Desktop right away you are in fullscreen mode, if the overlay of your active apps appears within PUBG it's in borderless windowed mode. System Overhead. PUBG Memes That Are Too Hilarious For Words. I ask for help with the outcome of the problem. Mar 26, 2021 · Games that run in full screen have exclusive control over rendering, hence its actual name "Exclusive full screen. This adds a tiny amount of GPU There is a full screen windowed option, which is borderless windowed. Tried a different mouse and windowed vs borderless vs fullscreen. Jan 18, 2022 · Lately, ive noticed that changing games to window borderless or using borderless gaming (for windowed mode) makes my games run way more smooth, For example, while playing yakuza 6, i had horrible tearing no matter the resolution/graphic settings i used, until almost at the end of the game i thought about changing to window borderless and when i did the performance was so much better. I'd just stick with fullscreen unless you need to tab out a lot or use multiple monitors. Like almost everyone else, I started noticing problems with Borderless G-sync just after the 1803 Windows Update, especially in WoW where the option to choose exclusive fullscreen has been removed. Exclusive fullscreen with fullscreen optimizations enabled makes a fullscreen game behave like a windowed one without the drawbacks of windowed if direct flip mode is successfully working but that's the bit that's inconsistent and dependent on several factors. Anyhow - in game I have it set to fullscreen and for Tslgame. That was a thing a decade ago when games running windowed would perform worse. Does anyone know how i can change back to It's also set to full screen only. Unlike fullscreen mode, windowed mode uses less display space, essentially making a smaller box on a screen whose dimensions you can manipulate at the whim. Full Screen is the best bet to ensure best performance and lowest input latency. Same problem with all settings. the game opens in a window. Windows 11 further improved on this by being able to automatically change DX10-11 titles to use the newer borderless modes. I've seen video drivers give you Fullscreen anyway. Currently testing DX12. Jul 3, 2017 · If you play full screen Windows can shut down things it doesn't really need, windowed or borderless Windows keeps the tasks active, so full screen is usually better if your PC is maybe not the best. e. It has been shown again and again that there is no performance difference between borderless fullscreen and true fullscreen. When I switch over to full screen, my performance seems a lot better, I think it’s the refresh rate that is the problem. I play only PUBG on my ultrawide Alienware 3418dw ,and I was ready to upgrade on Alienware Oled but seeing your post makes me ask u more things. Dovetail Live. So I recently picked up a 144hz Acer GN246HL Monitor and plan on running a dual monitor set up but then came upon the question of how do I exactly run the set up properly in the sense that should i be running the games Ill be playing on the primary monitor in borderless or fullscreen. 2 and have RIS in setting set to 100%. Some games do perform best in fullscreen (though the FPS change wouldnt be noticable) but the main reason most people, competitively atleast, suggest full screen is because of how it can affect input lag. Is there any fix for that? Nvidia card, latest drivers, Win10. Well you won't get screen tearing in borderless mode because everything is passed through the desktop compositor which forces triple-buffered V-Sync to Click [x] Disable fullscreen optimizations. The other way I can tell it's not fullscreen is that if I press the windows key, instead of the screen going black for a second like it should, the taskbar just appears right over pubg. May 7, 2022 · It's always using eFSE which is just a borderless window. MORE: Fortnite Vs. I use borderless in most creation engine games such as skyrim and fallout, no idea why but those always seemed to perform better in borderless for me. Borderless forces vsync and and Aero compositing effects on, whereas fullscreen bypasses them. edit: ok i have a partial solution. PreferredFullscreenMode=1. For some games that dont offer borderless fullscreen im using a tool called "fullscreenizer". When using Fullscreen Optimizations, your game believes that it is running in Fullscreen Exclusive, but behind the scenes, Windows has the game running in borderless windowed mode. exe I have disabled fullscreen optimization. In particular, accessing apps and functions outside of the active gaming window is much easier outside of full-screen mode. Hobbies Arma 3, Dayz, PUBG, Rust, The Forest The following is a tentative benchmarking of the performance of Windows 10 Fullscreen Optimizations (FSO), Fullscreen Exclusive (FSE), and Borderless Fullscreen Windowed (FSB) presentation modes in 5 DX11-based games, on different monitor/sync scenarios and through their built-in benchmarks. Changing to windowed or borderless and then back to fullscreen doesn't fix this, and neither does hitting alt+enter twice I have windows 10 1803 Mostly screen tearing and even stutters in some games when I'm in Full Screen, vs not when I'm in Window Borderless. Close to 100% gpu usage and render queue induced latency also shouldn't be an issue since Reflex is on, and im running the game on what supposedly is exclusive fullscreen (from the game VIDEO menu). Mar 27, 2019 · 240 fps video comparing fullscreen and borderless input lag on CS:GO Earlier tonight my friend mentioned that changing the game from full screen to windowed borederless gives a lot of fps. Bad experiance so far. Applying Borderless mode in game automatically changes config values to FullscreenMode=1. but PUBG. What Windows 10 forces as the default for any fullscreen rendering context. Exit PUBG 4. Change settings to windowed fullscreen 3. Currently running the Adrenaline 20. Aug 27, 2018 · fullscreen can give you access to more settings like brightness but windowed borderless lets you tab in and out without needing to deal with the black flicker bullshit and you can have windows ontop of windowed borderless where as with fullscreen the game disapears as soon as you tab out. Fullscreen is just unplayable on mnk and controller. This does still let you change the resolution of the display. #8 Very odd problem with PUBG. Updated drivers. This gave me an instant framerate boost of like 25fps on my Nvidia card, whereas it had little effect using Radeon. Mar 1, 2024 · Equally, there are some games that are optimized for fullscreen gaming, meaning that playing in Windowed Borderless can result in slightly worse performance. Alt+Enter does nothing. Nov 13, 2024 · Alt-tabbing is quicker in borderless mode compared to exclusive fullscreen, making it easier to switch between applications. There are some optimizations a game can do to get borderless window to perform equally as well as fullscreen, but PUBG may not implement these. Installed latest firmware to my SSD - no visible difference Oct 2, 2024 · There’s also confusion about what “fullscreen” actually means in games. And it isn’t a placebo I’ve been popping off like crazy but I still feel like my mouse isn’t as snappy as it should be. LastConfirmedFullscreenMode=1. there 2 ways to go you can change your desktop resolution and playing in borderless mode (but alot of input lag and sttuters) this method is bad. The only thing that fixed this was putting the game in full screen mode, which instantly jumped my FPS back up and made the game play smooth. It does seem to crash more now when switching apps, unsuprisingly, so best not messing around in Discord too much whilst you have the game running. Some games may require exclusive fullscreen for certain features to work correctly, while fullscreen performance is generally better overall. Game runs like sh*t so i turn the settings down and now i have a graphics glitch on my screen. The second sentence was explaining how to do it without the option, download "Borderless gaming" set the game to windowed mode at your monitors native resolution, then select PUBG in the application and there you go If you alt-tab in full screen mode it minimizes the game and it takes a moment to pull it back up. With multiple monitors is it SIGNIFICANTLY easier to alt tab when the game is in full screen windowed mode. Why do I think this is not true fullscreen? Playing in windowed/borderless whilst using, let's say Spotify, during gaming and pressing play/pause/whatever multimedia key on the keyboard, there is a pop-up window in the top left corner When I hold right click to ADS it gets dropped for a an instant, every 1 - 10 seconds. My problem was G-Sync only kicking in only when a mouse button is being pressed like in this video (took a video of the monitor to show the built in Damn, jaw dropped when I saw the difference between fullscreen and borderless. Yep same, except now I realized that I get next to no performance hit for running 1440p borderless windowed vs full screen so I can just alt tab or whatever worry free! Reply BC_Hawke • Fullscreen vs borderless selection involves considering your gaming style as well as the games you want to play. Fix for PUBG borderless, internal resolution being wrong when using Windows high DPI scaling Discussion Bought a 4k monitor (Acer Nitro 27", IPS UHD 144Hz, it's boss) and was so happy with how PUBG looked on it, until at some point maybe around march-april it would run at a much lower internal resolution. Oct 9, 2022 · So recently I just found out my all my games run better in terms of input delay on fullscreen borderless. Uwp games gsync doesn't pick up as they are not true full screen. I have this problem in some other games as well. Nov 19, 2019 · The borderless windowed mode was devised as a compromise between a game’s fullscreen and windowed display options. However, this only works in non-DX12 games. It's all gsync, you have to enable it to run on windowed programs. To get Borderless you use the same function with WS_POPUP style. same results. I've tested DX12 mode in Metro Exodus, Remedy's Control, Gears of War 5 and Warhammer 2 Total แต่ก็แล้วแต่บางเกมอีกนั่นแหละ ตอนผมเล่น shadow of mordor ต้องเล่น borderless เล่น full screen เฟรมมันคอยจะตกมาอยู่ 30 ตลอด. Thanks been struggling with this game's weird lighting since launch been causing me major eye strain. Mar 23, 2017 · I clicked Fullscreen in the settings now i can't click anything in the menu or even change it back to windowed mode. Even right now typing this I can change the game from windowed to full and it goes off. Some games use true fullscreen, while others use a borderless windowed and call it fullscreen. Heads up: when you switch to dx12 mode in pubg and restart the game, the first time you get into the waiting area of each map is pretty stuttery as the shaders for dx12+pubg are compiled. Every other game works fine. If you like this Fullscreen VS Borderless content and would like to support me please leave a like & subscribeThe SetupCPU: AMD Ryzen 7 3700X | US / Canada : May 13, 2024 · Fullscreen vs Borderless: Key Technical Differences. Jan 12, 2022 · The problem is that the full screen mode does not work. I tab in and out alot and we all know this game loves to freeze when doing so. You can still make them run in fullscreen exclusive by disabling "Full Screen Optimization" on each process. To get Fullscreen you generally apply ChangeDisplaySettings(blah,CDS_FULLSCREEN) to switch to your desired video mode. I personally like to use borderless since it speeds up alt tabbing and the fps and input differences are negligible. " Windows is no longer rendering the desktop, so when you alt+tab out, Windows has to render the desktop, but at the same time, it stops rendering the game. hhynnh xwsbci vxfdwk anjb jsdrwjc yoisduk mtqzhzqai pze ckrid hdsegi