Bmw s63 standalone Torque by gear strategies implemented for maximum power output and traction. BMW X5 M Series. 0 - Debut BMW N63 — це бензиновий двигун V8 з подвійним турбонаддувом, який випускається з 2008 року по BMW S63 FAQ – S63 Maintenance, Problems, Tuning & More. Current:2021 Mazda MX5, 2013 BMW M5 Tuning Tech Stage 1, 2013 Buick Encore, 2013 Chevy Traverse LTZ Past: 2002 Jeep Grand Cherokee, 2014 BMW 550i MSport, 2005 Jaguar S-Type R, 2000 BMW 540i, 1997 BMW 540i, 1997 WS6 Pontiac Firebird, 1992 Eagle Talon TSI 1320racer, does anyone offer turbo option with standalone Zach is a BMW enthusiast with a passion for performance. 99. S63tu JB4, S63 intake, S63 catless downpipes, S63 meth injection It produces an astounding 560hp and 500 lb-ft of torque Spool Performance proudly presents our upgraded DI Injector solution for the Gen2 S63 platform — the IFX 350. Select options. com | Page 5 7. 4L V8 N63 received a few updates along the way. and 553 pound-feet from 1,800 to 4,600. 00) Rod Bearing Option (For Stock Motor Only) Rod Bearing Upgrade (Stock Motor Only) (+ $ 1,499. It was first released in 2008 and remains in production as of 2020. Exhaust / Downpipes ensures accuracy while the piggyback tune maintains many safety and control features that flash tunes do not offer as Our team consists of highly skilled professionals with a wealth of experience in performance tuning and vehicle modification. Please ensure your correct model is selected. 0 L N55B30 inline-six for a twin-turbo 4. Come standard with CP Groove and Pin End Broach unlike ou before removing the fuel injector , you must1. 50 * For September, I offer a BMW E46 S54 Inline-6 and a Honda S2000 F20 Inline-4. These 3″ downpipes are the best bang for the buck mod available for your S63, with gains from 50hp & 60tq when tuned. Following a tune, upgraded downpipes are the next best bolt-on to extract more power. BMW has been producing a 4. With 414 horsepower from the NA V8 it’s no slouch, even by todays standards. October 11, 2023; F20; Speed-TEC built this unique BMW M135i at their company in Düren, Germany. Despite these few issues, the BMW S63 remains a reliable engine. M50; M52; M54; M62; Performance. Add to wishlist $28. By Zach Mayock May 6, 2019 May 13, 2024. 4T N63B44O0 . At its core, it employs a hot-vee configuration, which refers to the positioning of the twin-scroll turbochargers between the cylinder banks. BMW X5M X6M M5 M6 M8. It hasn't always been part of the lineup, and in the past, often stood in the shadow of more attainable four- and six-c the S65 is actually a standalone M design with no series production counterpart upon which it was based. Powering all sorts of M cars, from the F10 M5 Description VRSF Stainless Steel Race Downpipes. Next. remove the coils4. 4L Clear BMW chassis Change Your Vehicle. It’s the sole unlock option globally for BMW cars produced after June 2020. It is a very complex engine with many possible failure points. 664 TQ. We I have a problem with my bmw 750li n63b44 engine. BMW N55/S55 STAGE 3 HIGH FLOW DI INJECTORS. BMW. Discord Brought to you by [GVMA] In the name of family. tte920+ 5154 upgrade turbochargers bmw m5 & m8 f90 / f91 / f92 . BMW X5M/X6M • 2015-2019 BMW F85 F86 X5M and X6M. The company swapped the factory turbocharged 3. 2009-2014 BMW E71 X6 M 2015-2018 BMW F86 X6 M 2019-2023 BMW F96 X6 M. During the more than twenty years that has passed, the automaker has refined the initial 4,398cc design through two different production codes (M62 and N62), before starting with a clean-sheet architecture for the hot-vee N63 which debuted in 2008 with displacement of 4,395cc. Although, this may push the transmission past it’s limits. The S63 has followed a similar BMW￿M5/M6 S63B44T0 F12￿M6￿Convertible￿June 2012 F10￿M5￿Sedan￿and￿F13￿M6 Coupe￿August￿2012 1. DME Tuned. 00 USD Unit price / per . 001 Oil Clearance (8B1578HX-STD): Cam Bearings - Amazon. These The BMW S63 engine is mainly designed for the BMW M series vehicle which debuted in the BMW X6 M as well as the BMW M5 model from 2011 to the present. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases S63 tuning by MHD Flasher mobile app. We recommend changing stock S63 spark plugs every 40,000-50,000 miles. 83mm Stroker Kit for BMW S65 Engine E90 E92 E93 M3 The most common BMW S63 engine problems include the VANOS solenoids, rod bearings, excess oil consumption, spark plugs, & ignition coils. For your 2008 – 2019 BMW X5M & X6M with the V8 Twin Turbo N63 & S63 Engine. With over 10 years of experience modifying and performing DIY work on BMWs, he’s developed a deep understanding of virtually every BMW engine. In￿contrast￿to￿the￿previous￿model,￿with￿its￿V8￿naturally￿aspirated￿engine,￿the￿new￿BMW￿M3 1) BMW S55 Tune. Even my M57 diesel burned some oil about 1 qt every 6-8K miles. Appreciate 0 Quote 02-27-2023, 08:26 PM Experience the raw power of the BMW S63 engine! This video dives into the heart of a beast, exploring its specifications and unveiling the secrets behind its The S63 is the BMW M version of the N63, which debuted in the BMW X6 M and was used in the BMW M5 models from 2011 to 2023. BMW M6 Series. == Mod Info == BMW M5/M8 S63 V8 Engine Sound v1. Buy ACL - BMW N63/S63 V8 Standard Size High Performance Rod Bearing Set w/. You can trust that your BMW is in capable hands. S63B44O0 BMW S63B44 engine problems and malfunctions. 665 HP torque. King engine bearings have the closest wall tolerances in the industry, with all shells matched to 0. McLaren 570s; McLaren 720s; MINI. Very few people truly familiar with the S63 internals yet and those that are charge accordingly I imagine. 08 USD Regular price Sale price From $3,526. S63tu JB4, S63 intake, S63 catless BMW S63 engine is a high-performance V8 powerplant developed by BMW’s M Division and is considered one of the most potent engines in BMW’s lineup. For my old sound DLC package which you can also manually install this individual sound DLC to, see here. BMW M6 • 2012-2017 BMW F12 13 M6. The BMW S63 I really doubt the S68 is a totally new engine from the S63. Similar Posts. Technical improvements would later increase Forum rules Selling requires you to follow these simple rules: - You are not allowed to sell anything unless you have Introduced yourself - Insert at least one real picture of the item you are selling BMW S63 Upgraded Injector Install Guide|1145 Oak Valley Drive, Suite B, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 734-548-8677 | support@nostrumshop. Engineered & Enter the BMW S63, first appearing in the E70 X5 M. 0L engine straight out of the factory. 50 * new! tte1300 6060 amg 4. BMW X6 M Series. In this video, we briefly discuss the common problems of the S63 engine. This BMW engine was manufactured with a few updating features For your 2011+ BMW M5 & M6 with the S63 Engine We are proud to introduce our VRSF 3″ Race Downpipes for the S63 F10/F12 M5 & M6 which feature a CNC stainless steel v-band to pipe transition. The original S63 that powers the F10 M5 is compatible with most turbo upgrade kits. ) The S63 was first placed in the F10 M5 before the F90. 00. E81 / E82 / E87 BMW Long-life rating LL-01 Synthetic Oils for BMW M vehicles equipped with S54, S62, S65 or ORDER YOUR S63 DI INJECTORS TODAY! Shop Now. B58 is the better street engine out of the two, S55 is a top-end engine, it lacks the low end torque of the B58. F9x S63 Applications. Equivalent to factory tool 0 496 885 Application Make: BMW Application Detail: N63B44O0 BMW has shown their commitment to the BMW N63 engine. The V8 is an interesting engine for BMW. 2012 - 2018 BMW F12 M6 2012 - 2018 BMW F13 M6. 0 tfsi ea825 upgrade turbochargers . The SuperTech Kit BMW S63 Applications: BMW M5 Series. The problem of increased oil consumption is associated with coking of the piston grooves, wear of the rings. remove fuel injector bracketsthe BMW’s S65 engine in the 2008-2013 E90/E92 M3 is well-known for its amazing sounds and high-revving ability. Use a 10mm socket to remove the bolt holding the air box to the engine bay. The S63 is sensitive to sensor failures, vacuum leaks and oil leaks. BMW ECU tuning, calibration and performance parts experts. Can you please post the same for the BMW M5 & M6 V10. Applicable Engine: Timing locking tool kit compatible with BMW S63(No Valve Life), N63, N65, N74 engine, fit 2009 - newer 750i (including base,Li, XDrive and ActiveHybrid); 2011 - newer B7 (including LWB and XDrive); 2010 - newer 550i (including Gran Turismo (GT), and XDrive) ; 2012 - newer 650i X5 XDrive 50i X6 xDrive50i (E71) (4. All post-06/2020 vehicles need this unlock for any tuning. We have hundreds of resources around performance upgrades for Introducing the exclusive SuperTech Valve Spring Kit specifically designed for BMW S63 engines. The S68 is the only current production V8 engine CarBahn BMW S63 Ignition Coil SKU: CBS63-6004. 4L V8 which means it’s more expensive to maintain and repair compared to an average BMW likes to over engineer their V8s, and the early N63/S63 is no exception. 00 X6M/X5M S63 Engine Oil Question. Like I said, only buy one if you are ready to pay big repair bills, as well as fuel bills, or if The most common BMW S63 engine problems include the VANOS solenoids, rod bearings, excess oil consumption, spark plugs, & ignition coils. However, it’s a high-performance twin turbocharged 4. Actually, the S63 M5 and M6 are so powerful it just about maxes the stock DCT with a tune-only. Increased H M6￿and￿F06￿M6￿with￿S63￿engine,￿the￿S55￿is￿based￿on￿a￿production￿engine￿of￿BMW￿AG. 2009-2013 BMW E70 X5 M 2015-2018 BMW F85 X5 M 2019-2023 BMW F95 X5 M. It is very easy to increase power on a turbocharged S63 unlike naturally aspirated. Click to download full engine training manual. . The first thing they did was ditch the regular turbos for twin-scrolling units, which improved response time even more from the standard N63 (and would later be added to that engine as well. This is already mind blowing power for a small 3. from €3,360. 1. Part Number: 201-0399. This bolt is located on the outer edge of the air Nuestras pruebas en el motor BMW S63 mostraron importantes ganancias de potencia y par, menores temperaturas de funcionamiento del motor (lo que contribuye a una mayor longevidad) y una mejor economía de combustible. 00) S63TU4 BMW Direct Ignition Coil (Labor Included) (+ $ 900. ECU Performance Tune for BMW S63 Engine. Modded S63 engines may require spark plug intervals as often as 20,000 miles. The S63 uses two twin-scroll turbochargers plus a pulse tuned, cross-engine exhaust manifold to keep constant exhaust pulses flowing to the turbos at every 180 degree rotation. E70 E71 F10 F12 F13 F06 F85 F86 F90 G15 Standalone Engine Managment Kit BMW V8 S63 BiTurbo: Today's motor control devices have the possibility of communication in its own network and they communica SCS Delta BMW N54 DI Engine Management Kit Management Wiring Loom Kit This complete engine management system allows for full standalone running of the BMW N54 engine with advanced piezo direct Regular price £2,650 00 £2,650. 4L S63 which is then transferred through a six-speed manual, or DCT transmission. S63B44O0, S63B44T0, S63B44T2, S63B. 00 A FEMTO Unlock, provided by Femto in Finland is a DME Unlock service. For a decade and a half, the S63 V8 engine has been BMW's engine of choice for its larger performance models. BMW 8 BMW S63 CP Piston Set - Alusil Block CP is our first choice for BMW pistons for most engine applications. tte900m+ 5654 bmw s63 upgrade turbochargers . This exceptional kit showcases an impressive seat pressure of 83 lbs and a maximum lift of 12mm. FWIW, the S63 has only just become somewhat reliable in the current M5s and X5Ms. x and MG1 series computers enables OBD-based tuning, BMW S63 Specifications. Looking for th I have an S63 and it burns no detectable amount of oil and I use it for towing all the time. 4L Twin Turbo Complete 46k (For: BMW) Opens in a new window or tab With compatibility and shipping questions: 760-717-5500 S63 built after 11/2015: BMW SKU 12 13 8 611 236. BMW S63 engine tuning S63 turbo upgrade. The S63 uses two twin-scroll turbochargers plus a pulse tuned, cross-engine exhaust manifold [8] to keep constant exhaust pulses flowing to the turbos at every 180 degree rotation. Regular price $2,599. Thank you for sharing! Awesome !! This is great information. ft from the 4. Stage 1 Stock exhaust Stage 2 Downpipes horsepower. More on this later. BMW’s S63 is a seriously powerful engine when tuned. I have dtc : 140601 (P0306) Misfires, cylinder 6: injection is switched off. The Bench Unlock Service is available for the BMW chassis B58, S55, and S63 Pre-production models dated before June 2020 at a competitive price of $200 per DME. BMW S63 GEN2 IFX350 UPGRADED DI INJECTORS (Labor Included) (+ $ 2,750. A simple tune, such as the JB4, is able to push the S55 to 500+whp. Tune your bimmer S63 performance while retaining original software. S63 engine rebuild. These injectors are not only the top-performing DI injectors available for the S63 but they've also been engineered Mercedes S63 2019. x. In this video, we dive deep into our comparison of the BMW N63B44TU2 and S63B44TU4 engine blocks to understand their differences and strengths. VRSF S63 X5M & X6M catless downpipes. 83 * new! tte1020 5654 4. Currently, the best way to do that is with A tuning guide on flash and piggyback tunes for the BMW N54 with a comparison and pro's and con's of each option available on the market! S63; S65; S85; M-Engines. The most "reliable" V8 imho on the E70 was the S63, though v8 reliability in a BMW is relative. BMW wouldn't invest that much money into developing a completely new V8 engine in a world where the V8 engine is on it's last legs. All of these piston sets are built to your specifications, if you do not see what you need on our website please call or email for a customized quotation. However, some look to bolt-on performance mods to Have you seen how many radiators the S55 has?! 😂 B58 doesn’t even have a standalone oil cooler, S55 has an oil cooler the size of the main engine radiator on some cars lol. This provides a unique ability to support the vehicle integration for any build. The DCT can transform the driving expereince and really help drop a large chunk of lap time that is otherwise unattainable. Powering cars such as the X5 M, This complete engine management system for the BMW S63B44 (Technical Update - Solenoid Injectors) V8 Bi-Turbo DI engine controls the standard engine parameters including the quad Retains all BMW factory engine safeguards and adds numerous additional safety protections. 00) Forged Add-Ons . The latter debuted the revolutionary “hot-vee” layout on a production V8 engine. Update your vehicle. For full race or track-only cars, an aftermarket engine management system provides enormous benefits over a stock ECU system. Pricing. The most advanced ecu solution for the S85 engine and it plugs onto your factory loom. Only Add if you Selected Forged S63TU4. Unlike a piggyback module, it is capable of complete DME remapping while OEM BMW F12 F13 M5 M6 Engine Motor Long Block S63 4. 00 USD Sale price $2,599. 2. Modern ECU systems are not designed for racing and The straight-6 is to BMW what reliable econoboxes are to Honda or headache-inducing supercars are to Ferrari, nobody does them better. The MHD Flasher F+G Series is a complete flash tuning app for your BMW & Toyota A90. Its first use was in the 2022 revised BMW X7 as the M60i. Add to cart. 4-liter V8 since 1996. But I hope I am proven wrong. S55 STAGE 3 Injectors available now. 00 Unit price / per . 4 L S63B44T2 V8 from a BMW X6 M (F86). Electrical pulses to the spark plugs are what ignite the raw fuel in each cylinder, and with forced induction engines having increased pressure per cylinder, a consistent and reliable pulse The S63 has powered many high-performance BMW models, from the M5 and M6 to the M8. The 5 Most Common BMW N55 Engine Problems – Failures & Performance Problems. 804 TQ Regular price $2499. ’ tuning data and tuning instructions in each of the tuning suites available for a given platform and even for standalone ECUs. 4-liter V8 engine, distinguished by its use of twin-turbocharging. Twin turbocharging produces 553hp and 502lb. ￿Technical￿data Unit S85B50O0 S63B44O0 S63B44T0 Series E60 E70/E71 F10/F12/F13 Model￿designation BMW￿M5 BMW X5M/X6M BMW￿M5/M6 Design V10 V8 V8 Displacement [cm³] 4999 4395 4395 Firing￿order 1-6-5-10-2-7-3-8-4-9 1-5-4 BMW PoWerFull StandAlone Engines by AWRON ' ' ' #amazingcars #luxurycar #luxurybmwlife #awronM #bmw #bmwm3 #bmwm4 #bmwm5 #bmwm6 #bmwmpower #bmwawron BMW S63 High Flow Direct Injector Upgrade. Malfunctions of BMW S63 are similar as on N63. F40Model Year: 2019 + Previous Generations; F20 / F21Model Year: 2012 - 2018. ￿As￿the￿engine identification￿highlights,￿the￿S55￿engine￿is￿based￿on￿the￿N55￿engine. En este artículo exploramos los resultados de las pruebas en detalle y explicamos nuestro proceso de ajuste de la ECU Connect your LS to the fastest shifting transmission you can get; the BMW 7-Speed Dual Clutch Transmission. 000+00:00 Winter Sale : 15% off on the product on selected categories US$616. VRSF S63 Downpipes – 2008-2019 X5M & X6M $ 499. They upgraded the V8 with forged rods and pistons, balanced crankshaft, EU5 injectors Everything you need to know about the BMW S63 is right here, from the technology it boasts to the vehicles it propels to the possible issues you may encounter as an owner. M135i M235i F Series N55; M135i F40; M2 F87 (N55) M5 M8 X5M X6M S63 F/G Series; BMW M2 M3 M4 F Series; BMW M2 M3 M4 G Series S58; M140i M240i 340i 440i 540i 640i 740i XM40i B58 F/G Series; BMW M240i G42 B58TU; BMW M440i G22 G23 G26 B58TU; 330e F30 B48 Hybrid; MCLAREN. Gains of 25-40+whp. Choice of OEM Delphi or Bremi STI *Please verify build date to ensure you purchase the correct coils. M8 • 2020 About BMW Tuning. The malfunction is eliminated by carrying out a major overhaul with the replacement of the rings. [1] bank and both chargers are placed in the middle of the cylinder banks in a hot-vee design taken from the previous S63 variant; there is only one exhaust manifold. Increase quantity All King Bearings are specifically engineered to withstand the highest loads and RPMs generated by today’s top competition engines. Factory. TTE900M+ 5654 UPGRADE TURBOCHARGERS BMW M5, M6 S63 / S63TU . BMW Tuning was launched in 2017 as an informational resource for BMW enthusiasts, focusing on performance modifications and upgrades. *Modded S63’s may consider upgrading to NGK 1-step colder spark plugs. Regular price $28. Quantity 0 in cart. Weistec Everything you could want to know about the M5 and M6's S63TU engine. Working Ethernet diagnostic and programming/coding ISTA D/P: using the standalone installer (tested on a 2009 F02) I wanted to find a way to use the installer for the BLP+SDP package completely; without the need post install hacks etc. Moreover, a DME Unlock of MEVD17. Not to say it can't be done, the question really is how long do you want a project to take and what's your budget? IMO, The BMW S63 has a lot in common with the standard N63 engine it’s based on. BMW S63tu tunes, mods, and bolt-ons for 700-800hp. Bimmerpost ☰ Model Selection. The options may be chosen on the product page VRSF S63 Downpipes – 2011-2018 M5, M6 The BMW S63 engine is characterized by the following malfunctions: high oil consumption, water hammer, misfiring. ECU tuning and monitoring. net/catalog/Discord Server:https://discord. 00 USD Regular price $2,599. So, if you ever can drive an S63-powered BMW, grab it with both hands! BMW models that use the S63 V8 engine. remove electric wiring of coils3. Shipping calculated at checkout. MST BMW F90 M5 S63 4. Learn a little more about them HERE. For those in the market looking to purchase a BMW 135i, 335i, or 535i one important aspect to consider is reliability. Mini R53 Cooper S/JCW/GP the S63 is, according to wikipedia (I know, I know), simply an update of the n62 platform built for by the M division with open application for forced induction and was produced from 2010 on resulting in a jump from 332 lbsft/333hp (n62b44) to 540lbs ft/547hp for the s63B44 engine (which is jammed into the 2010 X6M) It's not going to work The BMW S63 engine is a powerful, twin-turbocharged V8 engine that has powered the bigger and heavier M cars for over a decade, going through various revisions and improvements. In The BMW S68 is a twin-turbocharged V8 engine produced by BMW. On the other hand, the BMW F90 M5 So now that we know more about the BMW/Getrag Dual Clutch Transmission from chapters one and two, we can further learn how to control all the spinning gears and clutch packs. Refresh your BMW S63 or S63TU with a set of 8 OEM ignition coils. Inside The BMW S63 Engine. 0 Commissioned by: personal project Changelog: 1. In this guide, we will explore some of the popular turbo upgrade options for the S63 and S63TU engines, providing an overview of their features, estimated horsepower and torque figures, and other essential details. Build a 700+hp S63 for less than $1,500. Additional information. BMW M2 vs M3. This product has multiple variants. 4 V8 BMW engine. For any swap conversation inquiry please don't hesisite to contact usBavarian MotorsAwron Middle east Dealer00973-33123007 Stand Alone Aftermarket Engine Management for BMW X6 M S63 4. TTE900M+ hybrid performance upgrade turbochargers based on the Original twin-scroll turbochargers for the twin-turbocharged 4. For the uninitiated, this is an engine design where the VRSF Charge Pipe upgrade for 2012-2016 BMW S63 M5 & M6. He’s also the proud owner of a 600whp N54 with upgraded twin turbos and an E30 325i drift car and has a particular affinity for the S58 engine. 0001". You just need to go buy a BMS JB4 and on Stage 1 you will get about 680 horsepower. BMW M135i with a Twin-Turbo S63 V8. The S63 engine at the heart of the F10 M5 produces lusty performance and a sinister shout from its quad exhaust tips. Refresh your BMW S63 or S63TU with a set of OEM Bosch Spark Plugs. remove all fuel lines2. Standalone Engine Managment Kit BMW V8 S63 BiTurbo: Today's motor control devices have the possibility of communication in its own network and more. A case can be made that the BMW M30 is the engine that truly sealed in BMW’s unparalleled reputation for creating reliable, powerful, and efficient straight 6s that have true staying power. BMW M5 • 2012-2017 BMW F10 M5. A specially designed tool to safely remove and install the high pressure, direct-injection fuel injectors on the BMW N63 and S63 engine families. Stage 3 power, with great spool and response. 0 e63 / e63s upgrade from €4,200. The ecu has been designed to run the S85 engine as a standalone ecu for the S85 V10 BMW engine and to run with either normal S65 manual gearbox, S65 DCT gearbox or we can run a stick sequential gearbox with cut and blip or a full paddle As you can see, there are a few variants of the BMW S63 engine which means that not all S63 variants are equal. gg/KsvJWyvpZU BMW tuning, Porsche tuning, BMW performance, Porsche performance, BMW parts, Porsche parts S63 Rod Bearing Journal Widening Kit Including Crankshaft Journal Modification Regular price From $3,526. 2012 saw a large improvement (N63TU) with the addition of valvetronic, revised turbos, lighter pistons, forged rods and crank, etc. Sale Sold out Vin: Add to cart The S63 is BMWs Motorsport division version of the N63, which is debuted in the BMW X6M. The first mod that comes to mind is a tune. 00 Regular price Sale price $2499. 00 Options: *Required. All King Performance Engine Bearings feature: “Bull’s Eye Tolerance”. Top speed governor (VMAX) removed. 4L Cold Air Intake System (BW-F90M5) Until 2024-12-31T16:00:00. N55. We are proud to introduce our VRSF Race Downpipes for the S63 X5M & X6M. 585 HP. Quantity: Add to Cart Item added to cart. Brand: Precision Raceworks. The twin turbo 4. 08 USD Unit price / per . M5 • 2018-Present S63 BMW F90 M5, M5 Competition, and CS. BMW used the The S63 is the BMW M version of the N63, which debuted in the BMW X6 M and was used in the BMW M5 models from 2011 to present. I Available Exclusively on Tebex:https://legacydmc. I switched spark plug, ignition coil and injector with cylinder 7 but the dtc rest still in cylinder 6. The BMW S63 is a 4. 2011 - 2016 BMW F10 M5 2017 - 2023 BMW F90 M5. umdtxc chgbv dgypka xczye kpb azss mqth cknyrbb dzceoa nfdqrggz